This short course will put the various classes of deposits into their
tectonic, stratigraphic and chronological settings. We will use examples,
but our focus will be toward the broader scene: where do the deposits
occur, what are their characteristics, when do they occur, where should
you look for others, what should be here that we havenít found yet?
The models will be applicable on a world scale, and, of course, many are
based on type deposits elsewhere in the world.
Course Objectives
Overview of the Tectonic Evolution and Setting of Mineral Deposits
in the Canadian Cordillera
Sediment Hosted Exhalative Deposits of Ancestral North America and
Related Terranes
Carbonate-Hosted Massive Sulphide Deposits in British Columbia
Tectonic and Lithologic Controls of Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide Deposits
Mineral Potential of Ultramafic Rocks in B.C. with Emphasis on Precious
Metals
Gold in the Canadian Cordillera - A Focus on Epithermal and Deeper
Deposits
An Overview of Skarn Deposits
Porphyry Deposits in the Canadian Cordillera
Summary Comments
1. Course Objectives
This short course will put the various classes of deposits into their
tectonic, stratigraphic and chronological settings. We will use examples,
but our focus will be toward the broader scene: where do the deposits
occur, what are their characteristics, when do they occur, where should
you look for others, what should be here that we havenít found yet?
The models will be applicable on a world scale, and, of course, many are
based on type deposits elsewhere in the world.
William J. McMillan, Geological Survey Branch, British Columbia Ministry
of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources
2. Overview of the Tectonic Evolution and Setting of Mineral Deposits
in the Canadian Cordillera
Several themes are explored in attempting to understand the distribution
patterns of deposits in this geologically and structurally complex area.
First, metallogeny is a large scale feature that is intimately linked with
tectonic setting and plate tectonism; second, metallogenic epochs are characteristically
times of widespread igneous activity - plutonism or volcanism; and third,
while plate tectonic activity localizes mineral districts it cannot be
used to predict the location of individual deposits.
W.J. McMillan
3. Sediment Hosted Exhalative Deposits of Ancestral North America
and Related Terranes
This segment examines a very important class of mineral deposits in
the Canadian Cordillera - the sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) massive sulphide
deposits. This class of stratiform, syngenetic deposit is found in
intracratonic basins and miogeoclines of Middle Proterozoic through Middle
Paleozoic age.
D.G. MacIntyre, Geological Survey Branch, British Columbia Ministry
of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources
4. Carbonate-Hosted Massive Sulphide Deposits in British Columbia
This segment deals with non-skarn metallic and related deposits that
are hosted within carbonate rocks.
JoAnne L. Nelson, Geological Survey Branch, British Columbia Ministry
of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources
1. Tectonic and Lithologic Controls of Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide
Deposits
Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits (VMS) are an important source
of copper, zinc, lead and precious metals in Canada and, historically,
in British Columbia. This segment describes VMS deposits, outlines
their tectonic setting and presents genetic models. Volcanogenic
deposits in B.C. are classified and compared to well-known type examples
described elsewhere. Includes a guide for exploration of VMS deposits,
including summarizing the tectonostratigraphic environments that favor
their distribution, and presenting structural, lithological, geochemical
and geophysical exploration guidelines.
Trygve Hoy, Geological Survey Branch, British Columbia Ministry of
Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources
2. Mineral Potential of Ultramafic Rocks in B.C. with Emphasis on
Precious Metals
The material presented in this section of the Short Course represents
a synopsis of mineral deposits that are hosted by, or spatially-associated
with, ultramafic-mafic complexes in the Cordillera. For present purposes,
we have focused on the base and precious metal commodities, notably chromite,
nickel, platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold, with a bias towards the
PGE.
Graham T. Nixon and Janet L. Hammack
1. Gold in the Canadian Cordillera - A Focus on Epithermal
and Deeper Deposits
An overview of gold production, classification and deposit distribution.
Discussions of hydrothermal fluid sources and gold solubility; Cordilleran
mesothermal and epithermal deposits.
Andre Panteleyev
2. An Overview of Skarn Deposits
This segment presents an overview of skarn deposits. The characteristics,
alteration assemblages, tectonic setting and distribution of the various
subclasses of skarn deposits are examined, particularly where they relate
to examples in British Columbia. Special emphasis is directed towards
the characteristics, exploration criteria and potential of gold and precious
metal enriched (PME) skarns in the province and elsewhere in the North
American Cordillera.
G.E. Ray and I.C.L. Webster
1. Porphyry Deposits in the Canadian Cordillera
In the present economic climate, combined base and precious metal deposits
present the most attractive exploration targets, and significant gold and
silver values characterize many porphyry copper deposits in the Canadian
Cordillera. In 1986, 60 percent of the gold produced in British Columbia
- 12.5 tonnes of gold and 500 tonnes of silver - were by-products from
base metal mines, and by 1988 more than half the provinceís gold reserves
were in porphyry deposits. Porphyry deposits carry 90 percent of
the provinceís copper reserves.
W.J. McMillan
2. Summary Comments
Towards a metallogeny in ore deposits, tectonics and metallogeny in
the Canadian Cordillera.
Andre Panteleyev |